/*
    * Copyright 2014 The Netty Project
    *
    * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
    * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
    *
    *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
   * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
   * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
   * under the License.
   */
  
  package io.netty.handler.codec.compression;
  
  import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
  import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromiseNotifier;
  import io.netty.handler.codec.EncoderException;
  import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;
  import io.netty.util.concurrent.EventExecutor;
  import io.netty.util.internal.ObjectUtil;
  import net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4Compressor;
  import net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4Exception;
  import net.jpountz.lz4.LZ4Factory;
  import net.jpountz.xxhash.XXHashFactory;
  
  import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  import java.util.zip.Checksum;
  
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.BLOCK_TYPE_COMPRESSED;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.BLOCK_TYPE_NON_COMPRESSED;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.CHECKSUM_OFFSET;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.COMPRESSED_LENGTH_OFFSET;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.COMPRESSION_LEVEL_BASE;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.DECOMPRESSED_LENGTH_OFFSET;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.DEFAULT_SEED;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.HEADER_LENGTH;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.MAGIC_NUMBER;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.MAX_BLOCK_SIZE;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.MIN_BLOCK_SIZE;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.compression.Lz4Constants.TOKEN_OFFSET;
  import static io.netty.util.internal.ThrowableUtil.unknownStackTrace;
  
  /**
   * Compresses a {@link ByteBuf} using the LZ4 format.
   *
   * See original <a href="https://github.com/Cyan4973/lz4">LZ4 Github project</a>
   * and <a href="http://fastcompression.blogspot.ru/2011/05/lz4-explained.html">LZ4 block format</a>
   * for full description.
   *
   * Since the original LZ4 block format does not contains size of compressed block and size of original data
   * this encoder uses format like <a href="https://github.com/idelpivnitskiy/lz4-java">LZ4 Java</a> library
   * written by Adrien Grand and approved by Yann Collet (author of original LZ4 library).
   *
   *  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *     * * * * * * * * * *
   *  * Magic * Token *  Compressed *  Decompressed *  Checksum *  +  *  LZ4 compressed *
   *  *       *       *    length   *     length    *           *     *      block      *
   *  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *     * * * * * * * * * *
   */
  public class Lz4FrameEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<ByteBuf> {
      private static final EncoderException ENCODE_FINSHED_EXCEPTION = unknownStackTrace(new EncoderException(
                      new IllegalStateException("encode finished and not enough space to write remaining data")),
                      Lz4FrameEncoder.class, "encode");
      static final int DEFAULT_MAX_ENCODE_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
  
      private final int blockSize;
  
      /**
       * Underlying compressor in use.
       */
      private final LZ4Compressor compressor;
  
      /**
       * Underlying checksum calculator in use.
       */
      private final ByteBufChecksum checksum;
  
      /**
       * Compression level of current LZ4 encoder (depends on {@link #blockSize}).
       */
      private final int compressionLevel;
  
      /**
       * Inner byte buffer for outgoing data. It's capacity will be {@link #blockSize}.
       */
      private ByteBuf buffer;
  
      /**
      * Maximum size for any buffer to write encoded (compressed) data into.
      */
     private final int maxEncodeSize;
 
     /**
      * Indicates if the compressed stream has been finished.
      */
     private volatile boolean finished;
 
     /**
      * Used to interact with its {@link ChannelPipeline} and other handlers.
      */
     private volatile ChannelHandlerContext ctx;
 
     /**
      * Creates the fastest LZ4 encoder with default block size (64 KB)
      * and xxhash hashing for Java, based on Yann Collet's work available at
      * <a href="https://github.com/Cyan4973/xxHash">Github</a>.
      */
     public Lz4FrameEncoder() {
         this(false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a new LZ4 encoder with hight or fast compression, default block size (64 KB)
      * and xxhash hashing for Java, based on Yann Collet's work available at
      * <a href="https://github.com/Cyan4973/xxHash">Github</a>.
      *
      * @param highCompressor  if {@code true} codec will use compressor which requires more memory
      *                        and is slower but compresses more efficiently
      */
     public Lz4FrameEncoder(boolean highCompressor) {
         this(LZ4Factory.fastestInstance(), highCompressor, DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE,
                 XXHashFactory.fastestInstance().newStreamingHash32(DEFAULT_SEED).asChecksum());
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a new customizable LZ4 encoder.
      *
      * @param factory         user customizable {@link LZ4Factory} instance
      *                        which may be JNI bindings to the original C implementation, a pure Java implementation
      *                        or a Java implementation that uses the {@link sun.misc.Unsafe}
      * @param highCompressor  if {@code true} codec will use compressor which requires more memory
      *                        and is slower but compresses more efficiently
      * @param blockSize       the maximum number of bytes to try to compress at once,
      *                        must be >= 64 and <= 32 M
      * @param checksum        the {@link Checksum} instance to use to check data for integrity
      */
     public Lz4FrameEncoder(LZ4Factory factory, boolean highCompressor, int blockSize, Checksum checksum) {
         this(factory, highCompressor, blockSize, checksum, DEFAULT_MAX_ENCODE_SIZE);
     }
 
         /**
          * Creates a new customizable LZ4 encoder.
          *
          * @param factory         user customizable {@link LZ4Factory} instance
          *                        which may be JNI bindings to the original C implementation, a pure Java implementation
          *                        or a Java implementation that uses the {@link sun.misc.Unsafe}
          * @param highCompressor  if {@code true} codec will use compressor which requires more memory
          *                        and is slower but compresses more efficiently
          * @param blockSize       the maximum number of bytes to try to compress at once,
          *                        must be >= 64 and <= 32 M
          * @param checksum        the {@link Checksum} instance to use to check data for integrity
          * @param maxEncodeSize   the maximum size for an encode (compressed) buffer
          */
     public Lz4FrameEncoder(LZ4Factory factory, boolean highCompressor, int blockSize,
                            Checksum checksum, int maxEncodeSize) {
         if (factory == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException("factory");
         }
         if (checksum == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException("checksum");
         }
 
         compressor = highCompressor ? factory.highCompressor() : factory.fastCompressor();
         this.checksum = ByteBufChecksum.wrapChecksum(checksum);
 
         compressionLevel = compressionLevel(blockSize);
         this.blockSize = blockSize;
         this.maxEncodeSize = ObjectUtil.checkPositive(maxEncodeSize, "maxEncodeSize");
         finished = false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Calculates compression level on the basis of block size.
      */
     private static int compressionLevel(int blockSize) {
         if (blockSize < MIN_BLOCK_SIZE || blockSize > MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
                     "blockSize: %d (expected: %d-%d)", blockSize, MIN_BLOCK_SIZE, MAX_BLOCK_SIZE));
         }
         int compressionLevel = 32 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(blockSize - 1); // ceil of log2
         compressionLevel = Math.max(0, compressionLevel - COMPRESSION_LEVEL_BASE);
         return compressionLevel;
     }
 
     @Override
     protected ByteBuf allocateBuffer(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg, boolean preferDirect) {
         return allocateBuffer(ctx, msg, preferDirect, true);
     }
 
     private ByteBuf allocateBuffer(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg, boolean preferDirect,
                                    boolean allowEmptyReturn) {
         int targetBufSize = 0;
         int remaining = msg.readableBytes() + buffer.readableBytes();
 
         // quick overflow check
         if (remaining < 0) {
             throw new EncoderException("too much data to allocate a buffer for compression");
         }
 
         while (remaining > 0) {
             int curSize = Math.min(blockSize, remaining);
             remaining -= curSize;
             // calculate the total compressed size of the current block (including header) and add to the total
             targetBufSize += compressor.maxCompressedLength(curSize) + HEADER_LENGTH;
         }
 
         // in addition to just the raw byte count, the headers (HEADER_LENGTH) per block (configured via
         // #blockSize) will also add to the targetBufSize, and the combination of those would never wrap around
         // again to be >= 0, this is a good check for the overflow case.
         if (targetBufSize > maxEncodeSize || 0 > targetBufSize) {
             throw new EncoderException(String.format("requested encode buffer size (%d bytes) exceeds the maximum " +
                                                      "allowable size (%d bytes)", targetBufSize, maxEncodeSize));
         }
 
         if (allowEmptyReturn && targetBufSize < blockSize) {
             return Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER;
         }
 
         if (preferDirect) {
             return ctx.alloc().ioBuffer(targetBufSize, targetBufSize);
         } else {
             return ctx.alloc().heapBuffer(targetBufSize, targetBufSize);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      *
      * Encodes the input buffer into {@link #blockSize} chunks in the output buffer. Data is only compressed and
      * written once we hit the {@link #blockSize}; else, it is copied into the backing {@link #buffer} to await
      * more data.
      */
     @Override
     protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
         if (finished) {
             if (!out.isWritable(in.readableBytes())) {
                 // out should be EMPTY_BUFFER because we should have allocated enough space above in allocateBuffer.
                 throw ENCODE_FINSHED_EXCEPTION;
             }
             out.writeBytes(in);
             return;
         }
 
         final ByteBuf buffer = this.buffer;
         int length;
         while ((length = in.readableBytes()) > 0) {
             final int nextChunkSize = Math.min(length, buffer.writableBytes());
             in.readBytes(buffer, nextChunkSize);
 
             if (!buffer.isWritable()) {
                 flushBufferedData(out);
             }
         }
     }
 
     private void flushBufferedData(ByteBuf out) {
         int flushableBytes = buffer.readableBytes();
         if (flushableBytes == 0) {
             return;
         }
         checksum.reset();
         checksum.update(buffer, buffer.readerIndex(), flushableBytes);
         final int check = (int) checksum.getValue();
 
         final int bufSize = compressor.maxCompressedLength(flushableBytes) + HEADER_LENGTH;
         out.ensureWritable(bufSize);
         final int idx = out.writerIndex();
         int compressedLength;
         try {
             ByteBuffer outNioBuffer = out.internalNioBuffer(idx + HEADER_LENGTH, out.writableBytes() - HEADER_LENGTH);
             int pos = outNioBuffer.position();
             // We always want to start at position 0 as we take care of reusing the buffer in the encode(...) loop.
             compressor.compress(buffer.internalNioBuffer(buffer.readerIndex(), flushableBytes), outNioBuffer);
             compressedLength = outNioBuffer.position() - pos;
         } catch (LZ4Exception e) {
             throw new CompressionException(e);
         }
         final int blockType;
         if (compressedLength >= flushableBytes) {
             blockType = BLOCK_TYPE_NON_COMPRESSED;
             compressedLength = flushableBytes;
             out.setBytes(idx + HEADER_LENGTH, buffer, 0, flushableBytes);
         } else {
             blockType = BLOCK_TYPE_COMPRESSED;
         }
 
         out.setLong(idx, MAGIC_NUMBER);
         out.setByte(idx + TOKEN_OFFSET, (byte) (blockType | compressionLevel));
         out.setIntLE(idx + COMPRESSED_LENGTH_OFFSET, compressedLength);
         out.setIntLE(idx + DECOMPRESSED_LENGTH_OFFSET, flushableBytes);
         out.setIntLE(idx + CHECKSUM_OFFSET, check);
         out.writerIndex(idx + HEADER_LENGTH + compressedLength);
         buffer.clear();
     }
 
     @Override
     public void flush(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         if (buffer != null && buffer.isReadable()) {
             final ByteBuf buf = allocateBuffer(ctx, Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER, isPreferDirect(), false);
             flushBufferedData(buf);
             ctx.write(buf);
         }
         ctx.flush();
     }
 
     private ChannelFuture finishEncode(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelPromise promise) {
         if (finished) {
             promise.setSuccess();
             return promise;
         }
         finished = true;
 
         final ByteBuf footer = ctx.alloc().heapBuffer(
                 compressor.maxCompressedLength(buffer.readableBytes()) + HEADER_LENGTH);
         flushBufferedData(footer);
 
         final int idx = footer.writerIndex();
         footer.setLong(idx, MAGIC_NUMBER);
         footer.setByte(idx + TOKEN_OFFSET, (byte) (BLOCK_TYPE_NON_COMPRESSED | compressionLevel));
         footer.setInt(idx + COMPRESSED_LENGTH_OFFSET, 0);
         footer.setInt(idx + DECOMPRESSED_LENGTH_OFFSET, 0);
         footer.setInt(idx + CHECKSUM_OFFSET, 0);
 
         footer.writerIndex(idx + HEADER_LENGTH);
 
         return ctx.writeAndFlush(footer, promise);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the compressed stream has been finished.
      */
     public boolean isClosed() {
         return finished;
     }
 
     /**
      * Close this {@link Lz4FrameEncoder} and so finish the encoding.
      *
      * The returned {@link ChannelFuture} will be notified once the operation completes.
      */
     public ChannelFuture close() {
         return close(ctx().newPromise());
     }
 
     /**
      * Close this {@link Lz4FrameEncoder} and so finish the encoding.
      * The given {@link ChannelFuture} will be notified once the operation
      * completes and will also be returned.
      */
     public ChannelFuture close(final ChannelPromise promise) {
         ChannelHandlerContext ctx = ctx();
         EventExecutor executor = ctx.executor();
         if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
             return finishEncode(ctx, promise);
         } else {
             executor.execute(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                     ChannelFuture f = finishEncode(ctx(), promise);
                     f.addListener(new ChannelPromiseNotifier(promise));
                 }
             });
             return promise;
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void close(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx, final ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
         ChannelFuture f = finishEncode(ctx, ctx.newPromise());
         f.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
             @Override
             public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture f) throws Exception {
                 ctx.close(promise);
             }
         });
 
         if (!f.isDone()) {
             // Ensure the channel is closed even if the write operation completes in time.
             ctx.executor().schedule(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                     ctx.close(promise);
                 }
             }, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // FIXME: Magic number
         }
     }
 
     private ChannelHandlerContext ctx() {
         ChannelHandlerContext ctx = this.ctx;
         if (ctx == null) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("not added to a pipeline");
         }
         return ctx;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
         this.ctx = ctx;
         // Ensure we use a heap based ByteBuf.
         buffer = Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(new byte[blockSize]);
         buffer.clear();
     }
 
     @Override
     public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         super.handlerRemoved(ctx);
         if (buffer != null) {
             buffer.release();
             buffer = null;
         }
     }
 
     final ByteBuf getBackingBuffer() {
         return buffer;
     }
 }