Package io.netty.buffer

Class Unpooled

  • public final class Unpooled
extends java.lang.Object
    Creates a new ByteBuf by allocating new space or by wrapping or copying existing byte arrays, byte buffers and a string.

    Use static import

    This classes is intended to be used with Java 5 static import statement: 
     import static io.netty.buffer.Unpooled.*;

 ByteBuf heapBuffer    = buffer(128);
 ByteBuf directBuffer  = directBuffer(256);
 ByteBuf wrappedBuffer = wrappedBuffer(new byte[128], new byte[256]);
 ByteBuf copiedBuffer  = copiedBuffer(ByteBuffer.allocate(128));

    Allocating a new buffer

    Three buffer types are provided out of the box.

    Creating a wrapped buffer

    Wrapped buffer is a buffer which is a view of one or more existing byte arrays and byte buffers. Any changes in the content of the original array or buffer will be visible in the wrapped buffer. Various wrapper methods are provided and their name is all wrappedBuffer(). You might want to take a look at the methods that accept varargs closely if you want to create a buffer which is composed of more than one array to reduce the number of memory copy.

    Creating a copied buffer

    Copied buffer is a deep copy of one or more existing byte arrays, byte buffers or a string. Unlike a wrapped buffer, there's no shared data between the original data and the copied buffer. Various copy methods are provided and their name is all copiedBuffer(). It is also convenient to use this operation to merge multiple buffers into one buffer.

    • Field Summary

      Fields 
      Modifier and Type Field Description
      static java.nio.ByteOrder BIG_ENDIAN
      Big endian byte order.
      static ByteBuf EMPTY_BUFFER
      A buffer whose capacity is 0.
      static java.nio.ByteOrder LITTLE_ENDIAN
      Little endian byte order.

    • Method Summary

      All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods 
      Modifier and Type Method Description
      static ByteBuf buffer()
      Creates a new big-endian Java heap buffer with reasonably small initial capacity, which expands its capacity boundlessly on demand.
      static ByteBuf buffer​(int initialCapacity)
      Creates a new big-endian Java heap buffer with the specified capacity, which expands its capacity boundlessly on demand.
      static ByteBuf buffer​(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity)
      Creates a new big-endian Java heap buffer with the specified initialCapacity, that may grow up to maxCapacity The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0.
      static CompositeByteBuf compositeBuffer()
      Returns a new big-endian composite buffer with no components.
      static CompositeByteBuf compositeBuffer​(int maxNumComponents)
      Returns a new big-endian composite buffer with no components.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(byte[] array)
      Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is a copy of the specified array.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(byte[]... arrays)
      Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is a merged copy of the specified arrays.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(byte[] array, int offset, int length)
      Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is a copy of the specified array's sub-region.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(char[] array, int offset, int length, java.nio.charset.Charset charset)
      Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is a subregion of the specified array encoded in the specified charset.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(char[] array, java.nio.charset.Charset charset)
      Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is the specified array encoded in the specified charset.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(ByteBuf buffer)
      Creates a new buffer whose content is a copy of the specified buffer's readable bytes.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(ByteBuf... buffers)
      Creates a new buffer whose content is a merged copy of the specified buffers' readable bytes.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(java.lang.CharSequence string, int offset, int length, java.nio.charset.Charset charset)
      Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is a subregion of the specified string encoded in the specified charset.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(java.lang.CharSequence string, java.nio.charset.Charset charset)
      Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is the specified string encoded in the specified charset.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(java.nio.ByteBuffer buffer)
      Creates a new buffer whose content is a copy of the specified buffer's current slice.
      static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(java.nio.ByteBuffer... buffers)
      Creates a new buffer whose content is a merged copy of the specified buffers' slices.
      static ByteBuf copyBoolean​(boolean value)
      Creates a new single-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified boolean value.
      static ByteBuf copyBoolean​(boolean... values)
      Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified boolean values.
      static ByteBuf copyDouble​(double value)
      Creates a new 8-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 64-bit floating point number.
      static ByteBuf copyDouble​(double... values)
      Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 64-bit floating point numbers.
      static ByteBuf copyFloat​(float value)
      Creates a new 4-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 32-bit floating point number.
      static ByteBuf copyFloat​(float... values)
      Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 32-bit floating point numbers.
      static ByteBuf copyInt​(int value)
      Creates a new 4-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 32-bit integer.
      static ByteBuf copyInt​(int... values)
      Create a big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 32-bit integers.
      static ByteBuf copyLong​(long value)
      Creates a new 8-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 64-bit integer.
      static ByteBuf copyLong​(long... values)
      Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 64-bit integers.
      static ByteBuf copyMedium​(int value)
      Creates a new 3-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 24-bit integer.
      static ByteBuf copyMedium​(int... values)
      Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 24-bit integers.
      static ByteBuf copyShort​(int value)
      Creates a new 2-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 16-bit integer.
      static ByteBuf copyShort​(int... values)
      Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 16-bit integers.
      static ByteBuf copyShort​(short... values)
      Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 16-bit integers.
      static ByteBuf directBuffer()
      Creates a new big-endian direct buffer with reasonably small initial capacity, which expands its capacity boundlessly on demand.
      static ByteBuf directBuffer​(int initialCapacity)
      Creates a new big-endian direct buffer with the specified capacity, which expands its capacity boundlessly on demand.
      static ByteBuf directBuffer​(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity)
      Creates a new big-endian direct buffer with the specified initialCapacity, that may grow up to maxCapacity.
      static ByteBuf unmodifiableBuffer​(ByteBuf buffer)
      Deprecated.
      Use ByteBuf.asReadOnly().
      static ByteBuf unmodifiableBuffer​(ByteBuf... buffers)
      Deprecated.
      Use wrappedUnmodifiableBuffer(ByteBuf...).
      static ByteBuf unreleasableBuffer​(ByteBuf buf)
      Return a unreleasable view on the given ByteBuf which will just ignore release and retain calls.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(byte[] array)
      Creates a new big-endian buffer which wraps the specified array.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(byte[]... arrays)
      Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the specified arrays without copying them.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(byte[] array, int offset, int length)
      Creates a new big-endian buffer which wraps the sub-region of the specified array.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(int maxNumComponents, byte[]... arrays)
      Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the specified arrays without copying them.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(int maxNumComponents, ByteBuf... buffers)
      Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the readable bytes of the specified buffers without copying them.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(int maxNumComponents, java.nio.ByteBuffer... buffers)
      Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the slices of the specified NIO buffers without copying them.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(long memoryAddress, int size, boolean doFree)
      Creates a new buffer which wraps the specified memory address.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(ByteBuf buffer)
      Creates a new buffer which wraps the specified buffer's readable bytes.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(ByteBuf... buffers)
      Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the readable bytes of the specified buffers without copying them.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(java.nio.ByteBuffer buffer)
      Creates a new buffer which wraps the specified NIO buffer's current slice.
      static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(java.nio.ByteBuffer... buffers)
      Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the slices of the specified NIO buffers without copying them.
      static ByteBuf wrappedUnmodifiableBuffer​(ByteBuf... buffers)
      Wrap the given ByteBufs in an unmodifiable ByteBuf.

      • Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

        clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

    • Field Detail

      • BIG_ENDIAN

        public static final java.nio.ByteOrder BIG_ENDIAN
        Big endian byte order.

      • LITTLE_ENDIAN

        public static final java.nio.ByteOrder LITTLE_ENDIAN
        Little endian byte order.

      • EMPTY_BUFFER

        public static final ByteBuf EMPTY_BUFFER
        A buffer whose capacity is 0.

    • Method Detail

      • buffer

        public static ByteBuf buffer()
        Creates a new big-endian Java heap buffer with reasonably small initial capacity, which expands its capacity boundlessly on demand.

      • directBuffer

        public static ByteBuf directBuffer()
        Creates a new big-endian direct buffer with reasonably small initial capacity, which expands its capacity boundlessly on demand.

      • buffer

        public static ByteBuf buffer​(int initialCapacity)
        Creates a new big-endian Java heap buffer with the specified capacity, which expands its capacity boundlessly on demand. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0.

      • directBuffer

        public static ByteBuf directBuffer​(int initialCapacity)
        Creates a new big-endian direct buffer with the specified capacity, which expands its capacity boundlessly on demand. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0.

      • buffer

        public static ByteBuf buffer​(int initialCapacity,
                             int maxCapacity)
        Creates a new big-endian Java heap buffer with the specified initialCapacity, that may grow up to maxCapacity The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0.

      • directBuffer

        public static ByteBuf directBuffer​(int initialCapacity,
                                   int maxCapacity)
        Creates a new big-endian direct buffer with the specified initialCapacity, that may grow up to maxCapacity. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(byte[] array)
        Creates a new big-endian buffer which wraps the specified array. A modification on the specified array's content will be visible to the returned buffer.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(byte[] array,
                                    int offset,
                                    int length)
        Creates a new big-endian buffer which wraps the sub-region of the specified array. A modification on the specified array's content will be visible to the returned buffer.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(java.nio.ByteBuffer buffer)
        Creates a new buffer which wraps the specified NIO buffer's current slice. A modification on the specified buffer's content will be visible to the returned buffer.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(long memoryAddress,
                                    int size,
                                    boolean doFree)
        Creates a new buffer which wraps the specified memory address. If doFree is true the memoryAddress will automatically be freed once the reference count of the ByteBuf reaches 0.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(ByteBuf buffer)
        Creates a new buffer which wraps the specified buffer's readable bytes. A modification on the specified buffer's content will be visible to the returned buffer.
        Parameters:
        buffer - The buffer to wrap. Reference count ownership of this variable is transferred to this method.
        Returns:
        The readable portion of the buffer, or an empty buffer if there is no readable portion. The caller is responsible for releasing this buffer.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(byte[]... arrays)
        Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the specified arrays without copying them. A modification on the specified arrays' content will be visible to the returned buffer.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(ByteBuf... buffers)
        Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the readable bytes of the specified buffers without copying them. A modification on the content of the specified buffers will be visible to the returned buffer.
        Parameters:
        buffers - The buffers to wrap. Reference count ownership of all variables is transferred to this method.
        Returns:
        The readable portion of the buffers. The caller is responsible for releasing this buffer.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(java.nio.ByteBuffer... buffers)
        Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the slices of the specified NIO buffers without copying them. A modification on the content of the specified buffers will be visible to the returned buffer.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(int maxNumComponents,
                                    byte[]... arrays)
        Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the specified arrays without copying them. A modification on the specified arrays' content will be visible to the returned buffer.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(int maxNumComponents,
                                    ByteBuf... buffers)
        Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the readable bytes of the specified buffers without copying them. A modification on the content of the specified buffers will be visible to the returned buffer.
        Parameters:
        maxNumComponents - Advisement as to how many independent buffers are allowed to exist before consolidation occurs.
        buffers - The buffers to wrap. Reference count ownership of all variables is transferred to this method.
        Returns:
        The readable portion of the buffers. The caller is responsible for releasing this buffer.

      • wrappedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedBuffer​(int maxNumComponents,
                                    java.nio.ByteBuffer... buffers)
        Creates a new big-endian composite buffer which wraps the slices of the specified NIO buffers without copying them. A modification on the content of the specified buffers will be visible to the returned buffer.

      • compositeBuffer

        public static CompositeByteBuf compositeBuffer()
        Returns a new big-endian composite buffer with no components.

      • compositeBuffer

        public static CompositeByteBuf compositeBuffer​(int maxNumComponents)
        Returns a new big-endian composite buffer with no components.

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(byte[] array)
        Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is a copy of the specified array. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and array.length respectively.

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(byte[] array,
                                   int offset,
                                   int length)
        Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is a copy of the specified array's sub-region. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and the specified length respectively.

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(java.nio.ByteBuffer buffer)
        Creates a new buffer whose content is a copy of the specified buffer's current slice. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and buffer.remaining respectively.

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(ByteBuf buffer)
        Creates a new buffer whose content is a copy of the specified buffer's readable bytes. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and buffer.readableBytes respectively.

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(byte[]... arrays)
        Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is a merged copy of the specified arrays. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and the sum of all arrays' length respectively.

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(ByteBuf... buffers)
        Creates a new buffer whose content is a merged copy of the specified buffers' readable bytes. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and the sum of all buffers' readableBytes respectively.
        Throws:
        java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the specified buffers' endianness are different from each other

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(java.nio.ByteBuffer... buffers)
        Creates a new buffer whose content is a merged copy of the specified buffers' slices. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and the sum of all buffers' remaining respectively.
        Throws:
        java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if the specified buffers' endianness are different from each other

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(java.lang.CharSequence string,
                                   java.nio.charset.Charset charset)
        Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is the specified string encoded in the specified charset. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and the length of the encoded string respectively.

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(java.lang.CharSequence string,
                                   int offset,
                                   int length,
                                   java.nio.charset.Charset charset)
        Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is a subregion of the specified string encoded in the specified charset. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and the length of the encoded string respectively.

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(char[] array,
                                   java.nio.charset.Charset charset)
        Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is the specified array encoded in the specified charset. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and the length of the encoded string respectively.

      • copiedBuffer

        public static ByteBuf copiedBuffer​(char[] array,
                                   int offset,
                                   int length,
                                   java.nio.charset.Charset charset)
        Creates a new big-endian buffer whose content is a subregion of the specified array encoded in the specified charset. The new buffer's readerIndex and writerIndex are 0 and the length of the encoded string respectively.

      • unmodifiableBuffer

        @Deprecated
public static ByteBuf unmodifiableBuffer​(ByteBuf buffer)
        Deprecated.
        Use ByteBuf.asReadOnly().
        Creates a read-only buffer which disallows any modification operations on the specified buffer. The new buffer has the same readerIndex and writerIndex with the specified buffer.

      • copyInt

        public static ByteBuf copyInt​(int value)
        Creates a new 4-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 32-bit integer.

      • copyInt

        public static ByteBuf copyInt​(int... values)
        Create a big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 32-bit integers.

      • copyShort

        public static ByteBuf copyShort​(int value)
        Creates a new 2-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 16-bit integer.

      • copyShort

        public static ByteBuf copyShort​(short... values)
        Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 16-bit integers.

      • copyShort

        public static ByteBuf copyShort​(int... values)
        Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 16-bit integers.

      • copyMedium

        public static ByteBuf copyMedium​(int value)
        Creates a new 3-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 24-bit integer.

      • copyMedium

        public static ByteBuf copyMedium​(int... values)
        Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 24-bit integers.

      • copyLong

        public static ByteBuf copyLong​(long value)
        Creates a new 8-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 64-bit integer.

      • copyLong

        public static ByteBuf copyLong​(long... values)
        Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 64-bit integers.

      • copyBoolean

        public static ByteBuf copyBoolean​(boolean value)
        Creates a new single-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified boolean value.

      • copyBoolean

        public static ByteBuf copyBoolean​(boolean... values)
        Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified boolean values.

      • copyFloat

        public static ByteBuf copyFloat​(float value)
        Creates a new 4-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 32-bit floating point number.

      • copyFloat

        public static ByteBuf copyFloat​(float... values)
        Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 32-bit floating point numbers.

      • copyDouble

        public static ByteBuf copyDouble​(double value)
        Creates a new 8-byte big-endian buffer that holds the specified 64-bit floating point number.

      • copyDouble

        public static ByteBuf copyDouble​(double... values)
        Create a new big-endian buffer that holds a sequence of the specified 64-bit floating point numbers.

      • unreleasableBuffer

        public static ByteBuf unreleasableBuffer​(ByteBuf buf)
        Return a unreleasable view on the given ByteBuf which will just ignore release and retain calls.

      • wrappedUnmodifiableBuffer

        public static ByteBuf wrappedUnmodifiableBuffer​(ByteBuf... buffers)
        Wrap the given ByteBufs in an unmodifiable ByteBuf. Be aware the returned ByteBuf will not try to slice the given ByteBufs to reduce GC-Pressure. The returned ByteBuf may wrap the provided array directly, and so should not be subsequently modified.