/*
    * Copyright 2014 The Netty Project
    *
    * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License, version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a
    * copy of the License at:
    *
    * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
   * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
   * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
   * the License.
   */
  package io.netty.handler.codec.http;
  
  import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
  import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
  import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
  import io.netty.util.ReferenceCounted;
  
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.List;
  
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1;
  import static io.netty.util.AsciiString.containsAllContentEqualsIgnoreCase;
  import static io.netty.util.AsciiString.containsContentEqualsIgnoreCase;
  import static io.netty.util.internal.ObjectUtil.checkNotNull;
  import static io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.COMMA;
  
  /**
   * A server-side handler that receives HTTP requests and optionally performs a protocol switch if
   * the requested protocol is supported. Once an upgrade is performed, this handler removes itself
   * from the pipeline.
   */
  public class HttpServerUpgradeHandler extends HttpObjectAggregator {
  
      /**
       * The source codec that is used in the pipeline initially.
       */
      public interface SourceCodec {
          /**
           * Removes this codec (i.e. all associated handlers) from the pipeline.
           */
          void upgradeFrom(ChannelHandlerContext ctx);
      }
  
      /**
       * A codec that the source can be upgraded to.
       */
      public interface UpgradeCodec {
          /**
           * Gets all protocol-specific headers required by this protocol for a successful upgrade.
           * Any supplied header will be required to appear in the {@link HttpHeaderNames#CONNECTION} header as well.
           */
          Collection<CharSequence> requiredUpgradeHeaders();
  
          /**
           * Prepares the {@code upgradeHeaders} for a protocol update based upon the contents of {@code upgradeRequest}.
           * This method returns a boolean value to proceed or abort the upgrade in progress. If {@code false} is
           * returned, the upgrade is aborted and the {@code upgradeRequest} will be passed through the inbound pipeline
           * as if no upgrade was performed. If {@code true} is returned, the upgrade will proceed to the next
           * step which invokes {@link #upgradeTo}. When returning {@code true}, you can add headers to
           * the {@code upgradeHeaders} so that they are added to the 101 Switching protocols response.
           */
          boolean prepareUpgradeResponse(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest upgradeRequest,
                                      HttpHeaders upgradeHeaders);
  
          /**
           * Performs an HTTP protocol upgrade from the source codec. This method is responsible for
           * adding all handlers required for the new protocol.
           *
           * @param ctx the context for the current handler.
           * @param upgradeRequest the request that triggered the upgrade to this protocol.
           */
          void upgradeTo(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest upgradeRequest);
      }
  
      /**
       * Creates a new {@link UpgradeCodec} for the requested protocol name.
       */
      public interface UpgradeCodecFactory {
          /**
           * Invoked by {@link HttpServerUpgradeHandler} for all the requested protocol names in the order of
           * the client preference. The first non-{@code null} {@link UpgradeCodec} returned by this method
           * will be selected.
           *
           * @return a new {@link UpgradeCodec}, or {@code null} if the specified protocol name is not supported
           */
          UpgradeCodec newUpgradeCodec(CharSequence protocol);
      }
  
      /**
       * User event that is fired to notify about the completion of an HTTP upgrade
      * to another protocol. Contains the original upgrade request so that the response
      * (if required) can be sent using the new protocol.
      */
     public static final class UpgradeEvent implements ReferenceCounted {
         private final CharSequence protocol;
         private final FullHttpRequest upgradeRequest;
 
         UpgradeEvent(CharSequence protocol, FullHttpRequest upgradeRequest) {
             this.protocol = protocol;
             this.upgradeRequest = upgradeRequest;
         }
 
         /**
          * The protocol that the channel has been upgraded to.
          */
         public CharSequence protocol() {
             return protocol;
         }
 
         /**
          * Gets the request that triggered the protocol upgrade.
          */
         public FullHttpRequest upgradeRequest() {
             return upgradeRequest;
         }
 
         @Override
         public int refCnt() {
             return upgradeRequest.refCnt();
         }
 
         @Override
         public UpgradeEvent retain() {
             upgradeRequest.retain();
             return this;
         }
 
         @Override
         public UpgradeEvent retain(int increment) {
             upgradeRequest.retain(increment);
             return this;
         }
 
         @Override
         public UpgradeEvent touch() {
             upgradeRequest.touch();
             return this;
         }
 
         @Override
         public UpgradeEvent touch(Object hint) {
             upgradeRequest.touch(hint);
             return this;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean release() {
             return upgradeRequest.release();
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean release(int decrement) {
             return upgradeRequest.release(decrement);
         }
 
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             return "UpgradeEvent [protocol=" + protocol + ", upgradeRequest=" + upgradeRequest + ']';
         }
     }
 
     private final SourceCodec sourceCodec;
     private final UpgradeCodecFactory upgradeCodecFactory;
     private final HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory;
     private final HttpHeadersFactory trailersFactory;
     private final boolean removeAfterFirstRequest;
     private boolean handlingUpgrade;
     private boolean failedAggregationStart;
 
     /**
      * Constructs the upgrader with the supported codecs.
      * <p>
      * The handler instantiated by this constructor will reject an upgrade request with non-empty content.
      * It should not be a concern because an upgrade request is most likely a GET request.
      * If you have a client that sends a non-GET upgrade request, please consider using
      * {@link #HttpServerUpgradeHandler(SourceCodec, UpgradeCodecFactory, int)} to specify the maximum
      * length of the content of an upgrade request.
      * </p>
      *
      * @param sourceCodec the codec that is being used initially
      * @param upgradeCodecFactory the factory that creates a new upgrade codec
      *                            for one of the requested upgrade protocols
      */
     public HttpServerUpgradeHandler(SourceCodec sourceCodec, UpgradeCodecFactory upgradeCodecFactory) {
         this(sourceCodec, upgradeCodecFactory, 0,
                 DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory(), DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.trailersFactory());
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructs the upgrader with the supported codecs.
      *
      * @param sourceCodec the codec that is being used initially
      * @param upgradeCodecFactory the factory that creates a new upgrade codec
      *                            for one of the requested upgrade protocols
      * @param maxContentLength the maximum length of the content of an upgrade request
      */
     public HttpServerUpgradeHandler(
             SourceCodec sourceCodec, UpgradeCodecFactory upgradeCodecFactory, int maxContentLength) {
         this(sourceCodec, upgradeCodecFactory, maxContentLength,
                 DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory(), DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.trailersFactory());
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructs the upgrader with the supported codecs.
      *
      * @param sourceCodec the codec that is being used initially
      * @param upgradeCodecFactory the factory that creates a new upgrade codec
      *                            for one of the requested upgrade protocols
      * @param maxContentLength the maximum length of the content of an upgrade request
      * @param validateHeaders validate the header names and values of the upgrade response.
      */
     public HttpServerUpgradeHandler(SourceCodec sourceCodec, UpgradeCodecFactory upgradeCodecFactory,
                                     int maxContentLength, boolean validateHeaders) {
         this(sourceCodec, upgradeCodecFactory, maxContentLength,
                 DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.headersFactory().withValidation(validateHeaders),
                 DefaultHttpHeadersFactory.trailersFactory().withValidation(validateHeaders));
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructs the upgrader with the supported codecs.
      *
      * @param sourceCodec the codec that is being used initially
      * @param upgradeCodecFactory the factory that creates a new upgrade codec
      *                            for one of the requested upgrade protocols
      * @param maxContentLength the maximum length of the content of an upgrade request
      * @param headersFactory The {@link HttpHeadersFactory} to use for headers.
      * The recommended default factory is {@link DefaultHttpHeadersFactory#headersFactory()}.
      * @param trailersFactory The {@link HttpHeadersFactory} to use for trailers.
      * The recommended default factory is {@link DefaultHttpHeadersFactory#trailersFactory()}.
      */
     public HttpServerUpgradeHandler(
             SourceCodec sourceCodec, UpgradeCodecFactory upgradeCodecFactory, int maxContentLength,
             HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory, HttpHeadersFactory trailersFactory) {
         this(sourceCodec, upgradeCodecFactory, maxContentLength, headersFactory, trailersFactory, false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Constructs the upgrader with the supported codecs.
      *
      * @param sourceCodec the codec that is being used initially
      * @param upgradeCodecFactory the factory that creates a new upgrade codec
      *                            for one of the requested upgrade protocols
      * @param maxContentLength the maximum length of the content of an upgrade request
      * @param headersFactory The {@link HttpHeadersFactory} to use for headers.
      * The recommended default factory is {@link DefaultHttpHeadersFactory#headersFactory()}.
      * @param trailersFactory The {@link HttpHeadersFactory} to use for trailers.
      * The recommended default factory is {@link DefaultHttpHeadersFactory#trailersFactory()}.
      * @param removeAfterFirstRequest {@code true} if the handler should remove itself after the first request was
      *                                processed (even if it was not an upgrade request), {@code false} otherwise.
      */
     public HttpServerUpgradeHandler(
             SourceCodec sourceCodec, UpgradeCodecFactory upgradeCodecFactory, int maxContentLength,
             HttpHeadersFactory headersFactory, HttpHeadersFactory trailersFactory, boolean removeAfterFirstRequest) {
         super(maxContentLength);
 
         this.sourceCodec = checkNotNull(sourceCodec, "sourceCodec");
         this.upgradeCodecFactory = checkNotNull(upgradeCodecFactory, "upgradeCodecFactory");
         this.headersFactory = checkNotNull(headersFactory, "headersFactory");
         this.trailersFactory = checkNotNull(trailersFactory, "trailersFactory");
         this.removeAfterFirstRequest = removeAfterFirstRequest;
     }
 
     @Override
     protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpObject msg, List<Object> out)
             throws Exception {
 
         if (!handlingUpgrade) {
             // Not handling an upgrade request yet. Check if we received a new upgrade request.
             if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {
                 HttpRequest req = (HttpRequest) msg;
                 if (req.headers().contains(HttpHeaderNames.UPGRADE) &&
                     shouldHandleUpgradeRequest(req)) {
                     handlingUpgrade = true;
                     failedAggregationStart = true; // reset if beginAggregation is called
                 } else {
                     if (removeAfterFirstRequest) {
                         // This is not an upgrade request, just remove this handler.
                         ctx.pipeline().remove(this);
                     }
                     ReferenceCountUtil.retain(msg);
                     ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
                     return;
                 }
             } else {
                 ReferenceCountUtil.retain(msg);
                 ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
                 return;
             }
         }
 
         FullHttpRequest fullRequest;
         if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) {
             fullRequest = (FullHttpRequest) msg;
             ReferenceCountUtil.retain(msg);
             out.add(msg);
         } else {
             // Call the base class to handle the aggregation of the full request.
             super.decode(ctx, msg, out);
             if (out.isEmpty()) {
                 if (msg instanceof LastHttpContent || failedAggregationStart) {
                     // request failed to aggregate, try with the next request
                     handlingUpgrade = false;
                     releaseCurrentMessage();
                 }
 
                 // The full request hasn't been created yet, still awaiting more data.
                 return;
             }
 
             // Finished aggregating the full request, get it from the output list.
             assert out.size() == 1;
             handlingUpgrade = false;
             fullRequest = (FullHttpRequest) out.get(0);
         }
 
         if (upgrade(ctx, fullRequest)) {
             // The upgrade was successful, remove the message from the output list
             // so that it's not propagated to the next handler. This request will
             // be propagated as a user event instead.
             out.clear();
         } else if (removeAfterFirstRequest) {
             // We handle the first request and were not able to upgrade, just remove this handler.
             ctx.pipeline().remove(this);
         }
 
         // The upgrade did not succeed, just allow the full request to propagate to the
         // next handler.
     }
 
     @Override
     protected FullHttpMessage beginAggregation(HttpMessage start, ByteBuf content) throws Exception {
         failedAggregationStart = false;
         return super.beginAggregation(start, content);
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines whether the specified upgrade {@link HttpRequest} should be handled by this handler or not.
      * This method will be invoked only when the request contains an {@code Upgrade} header.
      * It always returns {@code true} by default, which means any request with an {@code Upgrade} header
      * will be handled. You can override this method to ignore certain {@code Upgrade} headers, for example:
      * <pre>{@code
      * @Override
      * protected boolean isUpgradeRequest(HttpRequest req) {
      *   // Do not handle WebSocket upgrades.
      *   return !req.headers().contains(HttpHeaderNames.UPGRADE, "websocket", false);
      * }
      * }</pre>
      */
     protected boolean shouldHandleUpgradeRequest(HttpRequest req) {
         return true;
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempts to upgrade to the protocol(s) identified by the {@link HttpHeaderNames#UPGRADE} header (if provided
      * in the request).
      *
      * @param ctx the context for this handler.
      * @param request the HTTP request.
      * @return {@code true} if the upgrade occurred, otherwise {@code false}.
      */
     private boolean upgrade(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx, final FullHttpRequest request) {
         // Select the best protocol based on those requested in the UPGRADE header.
         final List<CharSequence> requestedProtocols = splitHeader(request.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.UPGRADE));
         final int numRequestedProtocols = requestedProtocols.size();
         UpgradeCodec upgradeCodec = null;
         CharSequence upgradeProtocol = null;
         for (int i = 0; i < numRequestedProtocols; i ++) {
             final CharSequence p = requestedProtocols.get(i);
             final UpgradeCodec c = upgradeCodecFactory.newUpgradeCodec(p);
             if (c != null) {
                 upgradeProtocol = p;
                 upgradeCodec = c;
                 break;
             }
         }
 
         if (upgradeCodec == null) {
             // None of the requested protocols are supported, don't upgrade.
             return false;
         }
 
         // Make sure the CONNECTION header is present.
         List<String> connectionHeaderValues = request.headers().getAll(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION);
 
         if (connectionHeaderValues == null || connectionHeaderValues.isEmpty()) {
             return false;
         }
 
         final StringBuilder concatenatedConnectionValue = new StringBuilder(connectionHeaderValues.size() * 10);
         for (CharSequence connectionHeaderValue : connectionHeaderValues) {
             concatenatedConnectionValue.append(connectionHeaderValue).append(COMMA);
         }
         concatenatedConnectionValue.setLength(concatenatedConnectionValue.length() - 1);
 
         // Make sure the CONNECTION header contains UPGRADE as well as all protocol-specific headers.
         Collection<CharSequence> requiredHeaders = upgradeCodec.requiredUpgradeHeaders();
         List<CharSequence> values = splitHeader(concatenatedConnectionValue);
         if (!containsContentEqualsIgnoreCase(values, HttpHeaderNames.UPGRADE) ||
                 !containsAllContentEqualsIgnoreCase(values, requiredHeaders)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         // Ensure that all required protocol-specific headers are found in the request.
         for (CharSequence requiredHeader : requiredHeaders) {
             if (!request.headers().contains(requiredHeader)) {
                 return false;
             }
         }
 
         // Prepare and send the upgrade response. Wait for this write to complete before upgrading,
         // since we need the old codec in-place to properly encode the response.
         final FullHttpResponse upgradeResponse = createUpgradeResponse(upgradeProtocol);
         if (!upgradeCodec.prepareUpgradeResponse(ctx, request, upgradeResponse.headers())) {
             return false;
         }
 
         // Create the user event to be fired once the upgrade completes.
         final UpgradeEvent event = new UpgradeEvent(upgradeProtocol, request);
 
         // After writing the upgrade response we immediately prepare the
         // pipeline for the next protocol to avoid a race between completion
         // of the write future and receiving data before the pipeline is
         // restructured.
         try {
             final ChannelFuture writeComplete = ctx.writeAndFlush(upgradeResponse);
             // Perform the upgrade to the new protocol.
             sourceCodec.upgradeFrom(ctx);
             upgradeCodec.upgradeTo(ctx, request);
 
             // Remove this handler from the pipeline.
             ctx.pipeline().remove(HttpServerUpgradeHandler.this);
 
             // Notify that the upgrade has occurred. Retain the event to offset
             // the release() in the finally block.
             ctx.fireUserEventTriggered(event.retain());
 
             // Add the listener last to avoid firing upgrade logic after
             // the channel is already closed since the listener may fire
             // immediately if the write failed eagerly.
             writeComplete.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE_ON_FAILURE);
         } finally {
             // Release the event if the upgrade event wasn't fired.
             event.release();
         }
         return true;
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates the 101 Switching Protocols response message.
      */
     private FullHttpResponse createUpgradeResponse(CharSequence upgradeProtocol) {
         DefaultFullHttpResponse res = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(
                 HTTP_1_1, SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS, Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER, headersFactory, trailersFactory);
         res.headers().add(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.UPGRADE);
         res.headers().add(HttpHeaderNames.UPGRADE, upgradeProtocol);
         return res;
     }
 
     /**
      * Splits a comma-separated header value. The returned set is case-insensitive and contains each
      * part with whitespace removed.
      */
     private static List<CharSequence> splitHeader(CharSequence header) {
         final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(header.length());
         final List<CharSequence> protocols = new ArrayList<CharSequence>(4);
         for (int i = 0; i < header.length(); ++i) {
             char c = header.charAt(i);
             if (Character.isWhitespace(c)) {
                 // Don't include any whitespace.
                 continue;
             }
             if (c == ',') {
                 // Add the string and reset the builder for the next protocol.
                 protocols.add(builder.toString());
                 builder.setLength(0);
             } else {
                 builder.append(c);
             }
         }
 
         // Add the last protocol
         if (builder.length() > 0) {
             protocols.add(builder.toString());
         }
 
         return protocols;
     }
 }