/*
    * Copyright 2014 The Netty Project
    *
    * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
    * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
    *
    *   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
   * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
   * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
   * under the License.
   */
  
  package io.netty.handler.proxy;
  
  import io.netty.channel.Channel;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelDuplexHandler;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
  import io.netty.channel.PendingWriteQueue;
  import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
  import io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise;
  import io.netty.util.concurrent.EventExecutor;
  import io.netty.util.concurrent.Future;
  import io.netty.util.internal.ObjectUtil;
  import io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLogger;
  import io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLoggerFactory;
  
  import java.net.SocketAddress;
  import java.nio.channels.ConnectionPendingException;
  import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  
  /**
   * A common abstraction for protocols that establish blind forwarding proxy tunnels.
   */
  public abstract class ProxyHandler extends ChannelDuplexHandler {
  
      private static final InternalLogger logger = InternalLoggerFactory.getInstance(ProxyHandler.class);
  
      /**
       * The default connect timeout: 10 seconds.
       */
      private static final long DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 10000;
  
      /**
       * A string that signifies 'no authentication' or 'anonymous'.
       */
      static final String AUTH_NONE = "none";
  
      private final SocketAddress proxyAddress;
      private volatile SocketAddress destinationAddress;
      private volatile long connectTimeoutMillis = DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS;
  
      private volatile ChannelHandlerContext ctx;
      private PendingWriteQueue pendingWrites;
      private boolean finished;
      private boolean suppressChannelReadComplete;
      private boolean flushedPrematurely;
      private final LazyChannelPromise connectPromise = new LazyChannelPromise();
      private Future<?> connectTimeoutFuture;
      private final ChannelFutureListener writeListener = future -> {
          if (!future.isSuccess()) {
              setConnectFailure(future.cause());
          }
      };
  
      protected ProxyHandler(SocketAddress proxyAddress) {
          this.proxyAddress = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(proxyAddress, "proxyAddress");
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the name of the proxy protocol in use.
       */
      public abstract String protocol();
  
      /**
       * Returns the name of the authentication scheme in use.
       */
      public abstract String authScheme();
  
      /**
       * Returns the address of the proxy server.
       */
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public final <T extends SocketAddress> T proxyAddress() {
          return (T) proxyAddress;
      }
  
      /**
       * Returns the address of the destination to connect to via the proxy server.
       */
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public final <T extends SocketAddress> T destinationAddress() {
          return (T) destinationAddress;
      }
 
     /**
      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the connection to the destination has been established successfully.
      */
     public final boolean isConnected() {
         return connectPromise.isSuccess();
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a {@link Future} that is notified when the connection to the destination has been established
      * or the connection attempt has failed.
      */
     public final Future<Channel> connectFuture() {
         return connectPromise;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the connect timeout in millis.  If the connection attempt to the destination does not finish within
      * the timeout, the connection attempt will be failed.
      */
     public final long connectTimeoutMillis() {
         return connectTimeoutMillis;
     }
 
     /**
      * Sets the connect timeout in millis.  If the connection attempt to the destination does not finish within
      * the timeout, the connection attempt will be failed.
      */
     public final void setConnectTimeoutMillis(long connectTimeoutMillis) {
         if (connectTimeoutMillis <= 0) {
             connectTimeoutMillis = 0;
         }
 
         this.connectTimeoutMillis = connectTimeoutMillis;
     }
 
     @Override
     public final void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         this.ctx = ctx;
         addCodec(ctx);
 
         if (ctx.channel().isActive()) {
             // channelActive() event has been fired already, which means this.channelActive() will
             // not be invoked. We have to initialize here instead.
             sendInitialMessage(ctx);
         } else {
             // channelActive() event has not been fired yet.  this.channelOpen() will be invoked
             // and initialization will occur there.
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         // The handler can be removed before the connection to the destination was established, for example because
         // the connection to the proxy server failed. The channel never became active in that case, so
         // channelInactive(...) is not called. Fail what is still pending, as otherwise the queued writes and
         // connectFuture() would never be completed and the queued messages would leak.
         // If the handshake already finished (the handler may be removed from a ProxyConnectionEvent listener while
         // setConnectSuccess() runs), setConnectSuccess() or setConnectFailure() completes everything.
         if (!finished) {
             Exception cause = new ProxyConnectException(
                     exceptionMessage("handler removed before the connection was established"));
             failPendingWrites(cause);
             connectPromise.tryFailure(cause);
             cancelConnectTimeoutFuture();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Adds the codec handlers required to communicate with the proxy server.
      */
     protected abstract void addCodec(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * Removes the encoders added in {@link #addCodec(ChannelHandlerContext)}.
      */
     protected abstract void removeEncoder(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * Removes the decoders added in {@link #addCodec(ChannelHandlerContext)}.
      */
     protected abstract void removeDecoder(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;
 
     @Override
     public final void connect(
             ChannelHandlerContext ctx, SocketAddress remoteAddress, SocketAddress localAddress,
             ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
 
         if (destinationAddress != null) {
             promise.setFailure(new ConnectionPendingException());
             return;
         }
 
         destinationAddress = remoteAddress;
         ctx.connect(proxyAddress, localAddress, promise);
     }
 
     @Override
     public final void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         sendInitialMessage(ctx);
         ctx.fireChannelActive();
     }
 
     /**
      * Sends the initial message to be sent to the proxy server. This method also starts a timeout task which marks
      * the {@link #connectPromise} as failure if the connection attempt does not success within the timeout.
      */
     private void sendInitialMessage(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         final long connectTimeoutMillis = this.connectTimeoutMillis;
         if (connectTimeoutMillis > 0) {
             connectTimeoutFuture = ctx.executor().schedule(new Runnable() {
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                     if (!connectPromise.isDone()) {
                         setConnectFailure(new ProxyConnectException(exceptionMessage("timeout")));
                     }
                 }
             }, connectTimeoutMillis, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         }
 
         final Object initialMessage = newInitialMessage(ctx);
         if (initialMessage != null) {
             sendToProxyServer(initialMessage);
         }
 
         readIfNeeded(ctx);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a new message that is sent at first time when the connection to the proxy server has been established.
      *
      * @return the initial message, or {@code null} if the proxy server is expected to send the first message instead
      */
     protected abstract Object newInitialMessage(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * Sends the specified message to the proxy server.  Use this method to send a response to the proxy server in
      * {@link #handleResponse(ChannelHandlerContext, Object)}.
      */
     protected final void sendToProxyServer(Object msg) {
         ctx.writeAndFlush(msg).addListener(writeListener);
     }
 
     @Override
     public final void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         if (finished) {
             ctx.fireChannelInactive();
         } else {
             // Disconnected before connected to the destination.
             setConnectFailure(new ProxyConnectException(exceptionMessage("disconnected")));
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public final void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
         if (finished) {
             ctx.fireExceptionCaught(cause);
         } else {
             // Exception was raised before the connection attempt is finished.
             setConnectFailure(cause);
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public final void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
         if (finished) {
             // Received a message after the connection has been established; pass through.
             suppressChannelReadComplete = false;
             ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
         } else {
             suppressChannelReadComplete = true;
             Throwable cause = null;
             try {
                 boolean done = handleResponse(ctx, msg);
                 if (done) {
                     setConnectSuccess();
                 }
             } catch (Throwable t) {
                 cause = t;
             } finally {
                 ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
                 if (cause != null) {
                     setConnectFailure(cause);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Handles the message received from the proxy server.
      *
      * @return {@code true} if the connection to the destination has been established,
      *         {@code false} if the connection to the destination has not been established and more messages are
      *         expected from the proxy server
      */
     protected abstract boolean handleResponse(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object response) throws Exception;
 
     private void setConnectSuccess() {
         finished = true;
         cancelConnectTimeoutFuture();
 
         if (!connectPromise.isDone()) {
             boolean removedCodec = true;
 
             removedCodec &= safeRemoveEncoder();
 
             ctx.fireUserEventTriggered(
                     new ProxyConnectionEvent(protocol(), authScheme(), proxyAddress, destinationAddress));
 
             removedCodec &= safeRemoveDecoder();
 
             if (removedCodec) {
                 writePendingWrites();
 
                 if (flushedPrematurely) {
                     ctx.flush();
                 }
                 connectPromise.trySuccess(ctx.channel());
             } else {
                 // We are at inconsistent state because we failed to remove all codec handlers.
                 Exception cause = new ProxyConnectException(
                         "failed to remove all codec handlers added by the proxy handler; bug?");
                 failPendingWritesAndClose(cause);
             }
         }
     }
 
     private boolean safeRemoveDecoder() {
         try {
             removeDecoder(ctx);
             return true;
         } catch (Exception e) {
             logger.warn("Failed to remove proxy decoders:", e);
         }
 
         return false;
     }
 
     private boolean safeRemoveEncoder() {
         try {
             removeEncoder(ctx);
             return true;
         } catch (Exception e) {
             logger.warn("Failed to remove proxy encoders:", e);
         }
 
         return false;
     }
 
     private void setConnectFailure(Throwable cause) {
         finished = true;
         cancelConnectTimeoutFuture();
 
         if (!connectPromise.isDone()) {
 
             if (!(cause instanceof ProxyConnectException)) {
                 cause = new ProxyConnectException(
                         exceptionMessage(cause.toString()), cause);
             }
 
             safeRemoveDecoder();
             safeRemoveEncoder();
             failPendingWritesAndClose(cause);
         }
     }
 
     private void failPendingWritesAndClose(Throwable cause) {
         failPendingWrites(cause);
         connectPromise.tryFailure(cause);
         ctx.fireExceptionCaught(cause);
         ctx.close();
     }
 
     private void cancelConnectTimeoutFuture() {
         if (connectTimeoutFuture != null) {
             connectTimeoutFuture.cancel(false);
             connectTimeoutFuture = null;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Decorates the specified exception message with the common information such as the current protocol,
      * authentication scheme, proxy address, and destination address.
      */
     protected final String exceptionMessage(String msg) {
         if (msg == null) {
             msg = "";
         }
 
         StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(128 + msg.length())
             .append(protocol())
             .append(", ")
             .append(authScheme())
             .append(", ")
             .append(proxyAddress)
             .append(" => ")
             .append(destinationAddress);
         if (!msg.isEmpty()) {
             buf.append(", ").append(msg);
         }
 
         return buf.toString();
     }
 
     @Override
     public final void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         if (suppressChannelReadComplete) {
             suppressChannelReadComplete = false;
 
             readIfNeeded(ctx);
         } else {
             ctx.fireChannelReadComplete();
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public final void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
         if (finished) {
             writePendingWrites();
             ctx.write(msg, promise);
         } else {
             addPendingWrite(ctx, msg, promise);
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public final void flush(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
         if (finished) {
             writePendingWrites();
             ctx.flush();
         } else {
             flushedPrematurely = true;
         }
     }
 
     private static void readIfNeeded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
         if (!ctx.channel().config().isAutoRead()) {
             ctx.read();
         }
     }
 
     private void writePendingWrites() {
         if (pendingWrites != null) {
             pendingWrites.removeAndWriteAll();
             pendingWrites = null;
         }
     }
 
     private void failPendingWrites(Throwable cause) {
         if (pendingWrites != null) {
             pendingWrites.removeAndFailAll(cause);
             pendingWrites = null;
         }
     }
 
     private void addPendingWrite(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) {
         PendingWriteQueue pendingWrites = this.pendingWrites;
         if (pendingWrites == null) {
             this.pendingWrites = pendingWrites = new PendingWriteQueue(ctx);
         }
         pendingWrites.add(msg, promise);
     }
 
     private final class LazyChannelPromise extends DefaultPromise<Channel> {
         @Override
         protected EventExecutor executor() {
             if (ctx == null) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException();
             }
             return ctx.executor();
         }
     }
 }